Interview with Raziya Sabitova, a descendant of refugees to China

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        Respondent - Sabitova Raziya Makhambetkyzy from Zhetizhar village, Beskaragai district, East Kazakhstan region.<br>         They migrated in 1962, April 22 from Chuguchak. The first place of residence with relatives in Urzhar district in the village of Naualy, in 2 years we moved to the village Semiyarka Beskaragai district (audio file Raziya.75 years. Zhetizhar Beskaragai district East Kazakhstan Region).<br>         I, Sabitova Raziya Makhambetovna, am from the Naiman clan, Naiman from Muryn Kuttykadam (lived near the village of Aksuat). I came to Kazakhstan when I was 13 years old. In 1932, my mother's father, Tokbay, left for China during a famine. My mother Ramiya Tokbayeva was 4 years old. My father left for China from the village of Naualy in the Urzhar region.<br>         When I lived in China, there were good relations between China and Kazakhstan, I went to Molotov's school in Chuguchak, where Russians, Kazakhs, Uyghurs, and Tatars studied. We had good relations. We studied Arabic script. My father worked as a farmer in China and planted melons, the situation was not very good, my mother worked in a hospital. My parents heard from other Kazakhs and decided to move to Kazakhstan with 9 families (neighbors) from an elder (I don't remember their name). On the night of April 22, 1962 (so the Chinese didn't know) we crossed the border on the river (I forget the name) in 9 carts (children were sitting on the carts), taking only the bare necessities with us. One of the elders who crossed the border cried and said: "I have returned to my land, to the land of my fathers." My father didn't speak Russian well, but he managed to negotiate with the border guards (they were with dogs) to let the cows through and covered the cows' mouths with a cloth so the cows wouldn't make a sound. My mother was not able to cross the border right away, but later with the help of one grandfather, she crossed the border. When crossing the border, Chinese money was exchanged for Soviet money. After crossing the border, we were disinfected.<br>         When we arrived in Urzhar, we were separated. Immediately we were sent to the sahman (looking after newborn lambs and ewe lambs). My mother was a cook, my father was a sahman, we children cried, and we took care of the lambs. Later, my father's relatives (brother, sister) from the village of Naualy took us to this village. He gave us part of his house. Here we were learning Kazakh, learning new letters (on vacation).<br> When we left China, my mother's father went to the house where we lived in China to see what was there and then told us that the Chinese had occupied our house. Grandfather thought about what to take of value from our house and took the mirror, but later broke it when he got home. Later, in 1964, my father and mother moved from Naualy to Semijarka, where we had three children, my father could not live with his relatives, and my grandfather moved his only daughter closer to him. My father died early. Here I graduated from school in Russia, got married, had children, and my children went in different directions.<br>         Over the years, we heard many people from China being called "Mao," "Chinese," and teased at school. We cried and complained to Mom a lot, and she said: "let them talk, they'll take the blame themselves." Now they are called repatriates. When we came from China, they did not help us to build a house. When we arrived in Semijarka, my parents were immediately sent to graze sheep. My mother was a cook in the brigade (branch of the state farm). We lived thanks to my mother and her labor. I worked in the trade for 28 years. I have three children - one daughter in Almaty, the other in Kurchatov, my son here in the village. My husband worked for many years as a welder.<br> Material from this interview was given by the Republican Working Group on studying, preparing, and making proposals on rehabilitation of Kazakh refugees forced to leave Kazakhstan in 1916-1930s as a result of punitive actions of the state and political repressions of power during different violent political campaigns and famine and by East-Kazakhstan Regional Commission.