О политических репрессиях 20–30-х годов в Казахстане говорили в Астане

A scientific and practical seminar was held on the topic of "Fundamental study of categories of victims of political repression during the implementation of the "Little October" program in Kazakhstan: goals, methods, tragic consequences and processes of full rehabilitation." Leading domestic scientists - historians, lawyers, political scientists, philosophers, local historians, archivists, experts, as well as public figures and members of parliament took part in the discussion of the concept of scientific research. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said in an interview with the Ana Tili newspaper earlier this year: "We must treat history and the citizens who participated in its formation fairly. Ultimately, all this is necessary for the future of the nation. "If we cannot analyze our past and evaluate it honestly and objectively, then we will not be able to take a confident step forward." Based on this word, experts recalled that in the specialized literature of the Soviet and independent periods, the period from 1926 to 1933 was called differently. Although it is called "Kotel", "Kotel in the village", the term "Famine" was widely used in Kazakh-language literature and science. Based on the materials collected by the state commission, scientists and specialists consider it appropriate to call this difficult period "Little October of Kazakhstan". This is explained by the fact that this process covered not only the villages, but also implemented a policy of violent "Sovietization" aimed at radically changing the way of life of the entire Kazakh people. It was not limited to measures to redistribute Kazakh lands, but pursued the sinister goals of the Soviet government. Such an anti-people program was implemented only in Kazakhstan. The policy of "Little October in Kazakhstan" was aimed at mass repressions of all social groups of the local population and their complete subordination to Soviet power. Like any revolution, the policy of "Little October in Kazakhstan" was aimed at establishing Soviet power in Kazakh society. As a result, the traditional way of life of the local population was violently destroyed, its economic foundations were weakened, and the source of life of the nomadic people - food resources - was depleted. Millions of people died as a result of mass political repressions and the famine that followed, suppressing the people who rebelled against them. This was reported by the President of the Republican Public Foundation "Kaharmandan", head of the project office Sabyr. Kasymov: "Scientists and publicists have different, even contradictory opinions about this tragic period and its victims." Most of them are based on unreliable data. Some consider this event genocide, classicide or ethnocide, others, relying on Soviet concepts, call it "revolutionary reform with some exaggerations." Opinions also differ regarding the exact number of victims of mass political repressions and famine. According to some data, the death toll was from 1.5 to 2 million people, according to others - from 2.5 to 4 million. Even in the years of Independence, "Little October" in Kazakhstan was not comprehensively studied and was not considered as a set of systemically planned, "revolutionary" campaigns aimed at achieving specific strategic and tactical political goals. This is not the fault of science. During the Soviet era (and even during the period of independence), researchers were allowed to defend dissertations on the topic of "Little October in Kazakhstan" only on certain aspects. Even then, the topics were approved conditionally. Therefore, it was not possible to fully study the mass repressions and their consequences, as well as the continuity and interconnectedness of repressive actions. Therefore, our main task today is to study and analyze all the information, establish all possible facts and the exact number of victims. Only then will it be possible to draw scientific conclusions. For this, first of all, qualified scientists and specialists are needed. Secondly, researchers must be given unimpeded access to the Archives of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and other state and special archives. "Revealing all the secrets of the "Little Cauldron" in Kazakhstan is our filial and civic duty," he noted. During the seminar, opinions were expressed on more than ten state actions carried out within the framework of the "Little October in Kazakhstan" in 1926-1933. All these "campaigns" were accompanied by state violence against the people and mass political repressions directed against innocent citizens. Each family cherishes the memory of a relative who fell victim to this fight against "Sovietization". These actions of the Bolshevik-Stalinist government led to mass unrest, popular protests and uprisings in Kazakhstan. The consequences were millions of forced refugees and an irreparable national tragedy. Famous professors of our country who participated in the seminar - I. Borchashvili, K. Baltabayev, E. Abaydildinov and other scientists - drew attention to the importance of relying on international legal norms when studying the issue of the "Small Boiler in Kazakhstan". The scientists proposed to analyze this topic from the position of identifying violations of natural and inalienable political human rights, through the prism of international law, based on the laws of dialectics and methods of modern political anthropology. The logical conclusion of the project should be the adoption of new regulatory legal acts. This will allow us to legally secure the restoration of historical justice, as well as fully rehabilitate the millions of victims of the Bolshevik-Stalinist regime who died as a result of the "Little October" policy in Kazakhstan. Among them are those who died as a result of anti-people policies, mass political repressions and famine, those shot without trial or investigation, illegally convicted, and forcibly deported. Deputies of the Majilis of the Parliament Aidos Sarym, Abzal Kuspan, Erkin Abil and others spoke in favor of continuing scientific research on the comprehensive rehabilitation of victims of mass political repressions - within the framework of the program-targeted financing project. The main goal of this research project is to conduct an in-depth and fundamental scientific study of the main categories of victims of mass political repressions identified to date. In particular, A. Kuspan noted that the violent "cultural revolution" carried out by the Soviet government caused enormous damage to national values, consciousness and spirituality of the people, distorted the national mentality, and fundamentally destroyed traditional norms of life. Over the next two years, the project participants must comprehensively study the previously distorted history of the "Little Cauldron in Kazakhstan" based on methodological principles recognized by the world scientific community. Nazim ZHUMANOVA, journalist